- 01Equality of conditions as the central fact
- 02Democracy as a providential historical movement
- 03Democracy’s haphazard rise in France
- 04Aristocratic society’s former balance
- 05Democratic society’s promised advantages
- 06Losses and contradictions of the transition
- 07Religion, liberty, and the confusion of parties
- 08America as the model of democratic development
- 09Purpose, method, and evidence in the study of America
- 10Limits of the work and its impartial aim
- 01Two great regions of North America
- 02Mississippi Valley and its tributaries
- 03Atlantic coast, English colonies, and contrast with South America
- 04Forests, prairies, and Native tribes
- 05Indigenous character and social equality
- 06Traces of a vanished earlier people
- 07North America as a future nation
- 01Utility of studying national origins
- 02America as a visible starting-point of society
- 03Colonization of Virginia and New England
- 01Common origins of the American colonies
- 02Virginia and the Southern colonies
- 03New England and the Puritan settlement
- 04Departure from Leyden and landing at Plymouth
- 05The Mayflower compact and New England settlement
- 01Colonial charters and self-government in New England
- 02The Connecticut Code of 1650 and Puritan moral regulation
- 01New England’s political institutions and township independence
- 02Social welfare, roads, records, and public education
- 03Europe contrasted with New England liberty
- 04Religion and liberty in Anglo-American civilization
- 05Puritanical and English origins in Anglo-American anomalies
- 01Democratic social condition of the Anglo-Americans
- 02Effects of equal inheritance on property and families
- 03Western settlements and the absence of society
- 04Uniformity of education and intellectual life
- 01Social equality and the decline of aristocratic influence
- 02Political consequences of democratic equality
- 03Sovereignty of the people in America
- 01Sovereignty of the people in America
- 02Expansion of the elective qualification
- 01Necessity of examining the States before the Union
- 02The township as the first political association
- 01Municipal freedom and local assemblies
- 02New England township as a political division
- 01Township power and the Selectmen
- 02Town-meeting and municipal officers
- 01Municipal independence and the sovereignty of the people
- 02New England townships and their relation to the State
- 01Public spirit and township independence
- 02Local participation and civic habits
- 01County government and judicial administration
- 02Administration in New England
- 01Absence of a centralized administration
- 02Township and municipal administration in New England
- 03County authority and limited central oversight
- 01Judicial penalties and elected magistrates
- 01Justices of the Peace and the Court of Sessions
- 02Enforcing township obedience and officer duties
- 03Inspection, prosecution, and private informers
- 01Differences in state administration
- 02Election of officers and judicial control
- 03Centralizing tendencies in New York
- 01The State and the Government
- 01Division of the legislature into Senate and House of Representatives
- 01Governor's executive role and powers
- 02Central government versus local administration
- 03Effects of local administration in America
- 04Limits of centralization and the Chinese example
- 05Political effects of local institutions in America
- 06Provincial institutions in a democracy
- 07Provincial liberties as a safeguard against tyranny
- 08Central administration and the French Revolution
- 09America and England as examples of local independence
- 01Judicial power as a political organ
- 02Constitutional review and the American constitution
- 01Judicial censorship of legislation
- 02Right to indict public functionaries
- 03Article 75 of the French Constitution
- 01Definition and European models of political jurisdiction
- 02American impeachment as administrative removal
- 01Weakness of the first union
- 02Drafting and adoption of the federal Constitution
- 01Division of authority between Federal Government and States
- 01Prerogatives of the Federal Government
- 01Federal government and central authority
- 02Legislative powers
- 01Senate and House as a compromise between States and nation
- 01Differences in election, term, and functions of the Senate and House
- 02The executive power and the President's dependence
- 01Legislative encroachment and the presidential veto
- 02Executive power in the United States and France
- 01Executive inferiority to the French king
- 02Accidental causes increasing executive influence
- 01Circumstances that strengthen executive power
- 02Presidential weakness without legislative majority
- 01Dangers of electing a chief magistrate
- 02Limited executive power in the United States
- 03Effects of presidential elections on administration and foreign policy
- 01American safeguards in presidential election
- 02Electoral college and contingent House election
- 01Election as a national crisis
- 02Passions, intrigue, and post-election calm
- 01Arguments for presidential re-election
- 02Re-election as a source of corruption
- 03American legislators and executive independence
- 01Need for a federal judiciary
- 02Why state courts could not serve the Union
- 03Supreme Court and inferior federal courts
- 01Federal court structure and jury system
- 02Determining the jurisdiction of federal courts
- 01Federal jurisdiction and appeals from state courts
- 02Parties that determine federal jurisdiction
- 03Cases arising under federal law and state constitutional limits
- 01Direct prosecution of private individuals
- 02Indirect prosecution of states violating Union laws
- 03Supreme Court decrees and provincial laws
- 01Indirect judicial remedies against state laws
- 02Supreme Court's political authority and national role
- 01Superiority of the Federal Constitution over the State Constitutions
- 01Patriot legislators and the need for restraint
- 02Longer terms and a stronger federal legislature
- 03Bicameral design and executive independence
- 01Federal authority in the United States versus older confederations
- 02An incomplete national government
- 01Small nations and great empires
- 02Federal system in the United States
- 01Complexity and inherent defects of federal government
- 02Weakness of the Union and conflicts between sovereignties
- 03Conditions that made federalism workable in America
- 04Federal weakness in war
- 05Geographical insulation of the United States
- 06Limits and advantages of the federal system
- 01The people as the sovereign power
- 02Majority rule and party influence
- 01Parties in the United States
- 01Great parties and minor parties
- 02Federalists and Republicans
- 03Local controversies and party-making
- 01Secret aristocratic opposition within democracy
- 02Wealthy citizens' private luxury and public condescension
- 01Limits of restraining the press
- 02Press freedom and popular sovereignty
- 03Why American journals are less powerful
- 04American journalists and public order
- 05The press as a force in political life
- 06Liberty of the press and durable opinions
- 07Scepticism, conviction, and political attachment
- 01Political associations and representative bodies
- 02The tariff convention of 1831
- 03Political association as a safeguard against majority tyranny
- 01Political associations as checks on tyranny
- 02American minority associations and universal suffrage
- 03European military-style associations versus American civil forms
- 01Universal suffrage in America
- 02Choice of the people and instinctive preferences of the American democracy
- 01Great dangers and the rise of distinguished leaders
- 02Intelligence, manners, and regional differences in democratic choice
- 03Laws that improve democratic selections
- 01Indirect election through elected bodies
- 02Frequent elections and political instability
- 01Instability of laws in democracy
- 02Simple exterior of American public officers
- 03Paid offices and the absence of a political career
- 01Arbitrary power of magistrates in democracies and despotisms
- 02Limited monarchies and legal restraints on public officers
- 01Instability of the Administration in the United States
- 01Three social classes and taxation
- 02Democratic rule and rising public expenditure
- 03Why democracy becomes expensive
- 01Democratic parsimony in public salaries
- 02Comparison of American and French salary scales
- 01Parsimonious conduct of democracy
- 02Difficulty of distinguishing the causes of American economy
- 01Limits of comparing public expenditure
- 02Practical obstacles to measuring taxation
- 03Why American burdens are lighter than French burdens
- 04American government is useful but expensive
- 01Corruption and vices of democratic rulers
- 01Democratic morality and the rise of power
- 02Sustained effort in democratic republics
- 01Democratic governments and short-term impulses
- 02American democracy's resistance to beneficial laws
- 03Experience, reform, and the limits of self-correction
- 01Washington and Jefferson's foreign policy maxims
- 02Democratic weakness in foreign relations
- 03French Revolution and Washington's neutrality
- 04Aristocratic steadiness in world affairs
- 01Democracy as a form of government
- 02General tendency of democratic laws
- 03Democratic magistrates and the majority's interests
- 04Aristocratic government and class interests
- 01Instinctive patriotism and reflective patriotism
- 02American civic zeal and private interest
- 01How rights are taught through property and participation
- 02The notion of rights as the basis of virtue and society
- 03Democracy, political rights, and the apprenticeship of liberty
- 01Respect of the Americans for the law
- 01Law-obedience in democracy
- 02Political activity and social intercourse in the United States
- 03Democracy’s indirect benefits and limits
- 01Natural and artificial strength of the majority
- 02Moral authority and respect for majority rule
- 01Mutability of laws under majority rule
- 02Effects on administration and public projects
- 03Prison reform and neglected old jails
- 01Sovereignty of the majority and the law of justice
- 02The impossibility of mixed government
- 03The danger of unlimited democratic power in the United States
- 01Majority prejudice against free blacks
- 02Limits of democratic government and public officers' arbitrary power
- 01Majority control over magistrates and public officers
- 02Majority power over opinion and discussion
- 03Social penalties for dissent in America
- 01Literary genius and public opinion
- 02Majority tyranny and the national character
- 03Courting favor in democratic republics
- 01Unlimited Power of the Majority
- 01Centralized government versus centralized administration
- 02Townships and counties as checks on majority power
- 03Danger of democratic despotism with centralized habits
- 01Lawyers as a counterpoise to democracy
- 02English and American legal precedent
- 03English and American legal habits
- 01Trial by jury as a political institution
- 02Civil jury and national character
- 03Civil jury as civic education
- 04Judicial authority and the jury's political effect
- 01Absence of neighbors and military glory
- 02Accidental and providential causes
- 03No metropolis and city dangers
- 04Empty continent and settlement of the West
- 05Temporal prosperity and westward migration
- 01Division of property and westward emigration
- 02American restlessness and the frontier
- 03Passions that sustain the republics
- 01Prosperity, order, and political habits
- 01Federal constitutions, municipal institutions, and judicial power
- 02Manners as a cause of republican stability
- 03Religion as a political institution in America
- 01Religion and political opinion in America
- 02Catholicism, equality, and democracy
- 03Clergy and republican institutions
- 01Christian morality and the influence of religion on manners
- 02Religion as a restraint on innovation and political imagination
- 03Religion as a political institution in republican America
- 01Separation of Church and State in America
- 02Religion as a natural human hope
- 03Why political alliances weaken religion
- 04Religion’s durability in democratic republics
- 05Schism and indifference in modern unbelief
- 06Religion and public opinion in America
- 07French unbelief and political hostility to religion
- 08Christianity bound to decaying European powers
- 01Instruction and literary habits in America
- 02Rapid diffusion of opinion on the frontier
- 03Practical political experience and public manners
- 01Physical circumstances versus laws and manners
- 02Eastern and Western States compared
- 03Manners as the chief support of democracy
- 01Democratic institutions versus American institutions
- 02American laws and manners as a model for democracy
- 01Why modern absolute power would differ from the old
- 02Democracy, liberty, and the danger of despotism
- 03Europe’s drift toward democratic liberty or Caesarism
- 04America as an example, not a model to copy
- 01The three races in the United States
- 02The Indian tribes and forced migration
- 01Decline of eastern tribes and changing Indian needs
- 02European settlement, game loss, and westward retreat
- 03Forced emigration and the Choctaw crossing
- 04U.S. treaty-making and land cessions
- 05Indian land cessions and treaty purchases
- 01Inevitable extinction of the Indian nations
- 02Why hunter peoples resist civilization
- 03Indian pride, labor, and warlike honor
- 04Social condition and the Southern tribes
- 01Cherokee written language, government, and newspaper
- 02Mixed-race influence on Cherokee society
- 03French and English relations with Native peoples
- 01Why Indians struggle with civilization
- 02Agricultural competition and dependence on Europeans
- 03European settlement and displacement of Indians
- 01Government protection and Cherokee complaints
- 02Oppression driving Indians back to the wilds
- 01Removal policy and Arkansas territory
- 02Cherokee petition and Indian rights
- 03American policy toward the aborigines
- 01Slavery’s enduring legacy and racial prejudice
- 02Color, caste, and the impossibility of amalgamation
- 03North-South contrast in race relations and slavery
- 04Slavery's economic disadvantage to white settlers
- 01Ohio Valley as a contrast between slavery and freedom
- 02Economic effects of slave labor and free labor
- 03Slavery's retreat and the rise of free labor
- 04Primogeniture, aristocracy, and the decline of slavery
- 05Effects of Northern emancipation on slave movement
- 06Why slavery persists in the South
- 07Racial proportions and the dangers of Southern emancipation
- 01Emancipation and the Southern racial balance
- 02Mulattoes as a transitional class
- 01Racial separation and future conflict in the South
- 01Colonization Society and Liberia
- 01Liberia and the limits of colonization
- 02Emancipation and racial conflict in the South
- 01Southern white alternatives and the refusal to emancipate
- 02Legal barriers to emancipation and their human cost
- 03Why modern slavery becomes harsher in law
- 04The inevitable collapse of slavery
- 01Causes and dangers of the American Union
- 02National, provincial, and mixed powers
- 01Division of sovereignty between Union and States
- 02State patriotism and provincial power
- 03Weakness of the Federal Government
- 04Physical obstacles to federal coercion
- 05Voluntary compact and limits of federal authority
- 01Union as a mutual material interest
- 02Regional commerce and political advantages
- 01Common opinions and social unity
- 02American pride and sectional character
- 01Contrasting Southern and Northern manners
- 02Growth of the Union and western settlement
- 01Growth of population and the fragility of federal unity
- 02Westward expansion and the shifting center of power
- 03Northern commercial advantage and Southern slavery
- 01Rising state inequality and Southern discontent
- 02Possible modes of Union’s dissolution
- 03Conflicting tendencies in federal power
- 01The Union's growing cohesion and prosperity
- 02Causes of federal decline
- 03Federal retreat in internal improvements, Indian affairs, and public lands
- 01Advantages of the Bank's Notes
- 02Political Hostility and Monetary Control
- 01Tariff duties and Southern complaints
- 02Nullification doctrine and constitutional theory
- 03South Carolina's nullification decree of 1832
- 01Tariff compromise and nullification in South Carolina
- 02Jackson’s relation to federal power
- 03Decline of the Federal Government and rise of state independence
- 01Federal Government Growing Weaker
- 02Republican Institutions and the Natural State of the Americans
- 03Legislative instability and constitutional stability
- 04Republican government and the risk of despotism
- 05Why an American aristocracy is unlikely
- 01Commercial advantages of the United States
- 01American commercial superiority and trading methods
- 02South American development and U.S. mediation
- 03Anglo-American maritime destiny
- 01The future destiny of the British race in North America
- 02The parallel rise of Russia and America
- 01Book Two: Influence of Democracy on Progress of Opinion
- 02Book Three: Influence of Democracy on Manners, Properly So Called
- 03Appendices and Constitution of the United States
- 01De Tocqueville's Preface to the Second Part
Democracy in America
Democracy, equality, civil society, and institutions.
15Chapters
230Lessons
644Topics
Certificate of completion included
This course was produced by Cavua from a public-domain text.
Skills this course leaves you with.
- Explain Tocqueville’s core ideas about democracy and equality in America
- Analyze how civil society, associations, and the press shape democratic life
- Describe the structure and powers of local, state, and federal institutions
- Compare the roles of the executive, legislature, judiciary, and federal courts in the United States
- Assess how sovereignty, parties, and elections influence democratic governance
- Interpret the advantages and limits of the federal system in America
Curriculum
The full table of contents.
Every chapter, every lesson, every topic — laid out before you enroll. Click any chapter to expand it.
- Chapters
- 15
- Lessons
- 230
- Topics
- 644
- 01Democracy and the author's impartial method
- 02The American philosophical method
- 03Religion and the limits of analysis in America
- 01Dogmatical belief as a social necessity
- 02Public opinion and majority authority in democracies
- 01General ideas and human weakness
- 02Democracy, equality, and the taste for generalization
- 03English, American, and French habits of thought
- 04Democratic impatience and superficial general ideas
- 01Democratic institutions as a check on political theory
- 01Religion as a necessary source of fixed ideas
- 02Religion and democratic equality
- 03Christianity’s adaptation to social conditions
- 04Clergy's restraint from secular affairs
- 05Simple Christianity and sectarian unity in America
- 01Clergy and democratic opinion
- 02Roman Catholicism and democratic unity
- 01Leaning toward Catholicism in democratic ages
- 02Democratic taste for general ideas and pantheism
- 01The indefinite perfectibility of man
- 01American exceptionalism and practical pursuits
- 02Democratic society and intellectual life
- 01Democratic habits and practical science
- 02Disinterested love of truth versus utility
- 03Aristocratic science and democratic applications
- 01Useful arts and democratic taste
- 02Imperfect commodities and luxury imitation
- 03Fine arts in democratic societies
- 01Democratic monuments and the power of the state
- 01American literary market and English dependence
- 02Literary form in aristocratic and democratic ages
- 01Literature as a trade in democratic nations
- 02Greek and Latin literature in democratic communities
- 01Education for literary excellence in democratic nations
- 02Democratic influence on spoken language
- 03Equality, class mixing, and changes in style
- 04Generic and abstract terms in democratic languages
- 01Definition of poetry and democratic taste for ideal beauty
- 02Equality’s effect on poetry’s subjects: religion, the past, and social ranks
- 03Descriptive poetry as a transitional form
- 04Humanity, providence, and the inner life as democratic poetry’s sources
- 01Inflated diction in American writers and orators
- 02Democratic taste for vast imagery
- 03Exaggeration and monstrous poetry
- 01Drama as the first literary sign of democratic change
- 02Aristocratic and democratic tastes on the stage
- 03Probability, style, and audience expectations in democratic drama
- 04American theatre and Puritan restraints
- 01General causes and individual influence in democratic history
- 02Historical systems and the danger to free will
- 01Historical necessity in democratic historiography
- 02Party discipline and representative independence
- 03Breadth of democratic parliamentary debate
- 04Equality as the ruling passion of democratic ages
- 05Why equality is preferred to freedom
- 06The fury of equality after social rank collapses
- 01Equality before freedom in democratic nations
- 02Individualism versus egotism
- 03Aristocratic and democratic social bonds
- 01Individualism at the close of democratic revolutions
- 02America's advantage in avoiding revolution
- 01Free institutions as a remedy for democratic isolation
- 02Local self-government and neighborhood ties
- 03American manners, public spirit, and prosperity
- 01Public spirit and political freedom
- 02Civil associations in American life
- 03Association as a democratic necessity
- 04Associations versus government action
- 01Intellectual and moral associations in America
- 02How newspapers enable public associations
- 03Administrative decentralization and the proliferation of newspapers
- 01Newspapers, local freedom, and social equality
- 02Civil and political associations
- 01Interest rightly understood as a moral principle
- 02Its popularity and practical effects in America
- 01Religious belief and the principle of interest
- 02American preaching and worldly utility
- 01The general passion for physical well-being
- 01Love of well-being in the United States
- 02Physical gratifications in democratic ages
- 01Religious enthusiasm and mysticism in America
- 01Restless pursuit of worldly welfare
- 02Equality of conditions and insatiable desire
- 01Freedom and productive industry
- 02Danger of political apathy and usurpation
- 03American union of welfare and freedom
- 01Sunday worship and the turn to immaterial pleasures
- 02Democratic legislators and the danger of materialism
- 03Immortal soul, religion, and spiritual opinions in democracy
- 01Excessive care of worldly welfare
- 01Removing human actions from immediate view
- 01Honorable labor and profit in democratic society
- 01Democracy’s pull toward commerce and manufactures
- 02Aristocracy, wealth, and industrial pursuits
- 03American agriculture as a business enterprise
- 01Commercial panics in democratic nations
- 02Manufactures as a source of aristocracy
- 01Feudal sympathy within aristocratic castes
- 02Aristocratic insensibility to common suffering
- 03Modern democratic compassion and mildness
- 04Equality of conditions and humane criminal justice
- 05National likeness and the mitigation of war
- 01Habitual intercourse under democracy
- 01American reserve and English social rank
- 02Democratic equality and indifference to small slights
- 03American sensitivity in Europe
- 01Borrowed manners and aristocratic pretensions
- 02Mutual assistance and public charity in the United States
- 01How Democracy Affects The Relation Of Masters And Servants
- 01Landowners and tenants in democratic societies
- 02Rising rents under democratic institutions
- 03Shortening of lease terms in ages of equality
- 01Rising wages in democratic societies
- 02Agricultural laborers and small property
- 03Manufacturing capital and wage pressure
- 01Democracy and the weakening of paternal authority
- 02Aristocratic family hierarchy and inherited tradition
- 03Democratic intimacy between fathers and sons
- 04Filial affection in democratic families
- 05Brotherhood and inheritance under democracy
- 06Democratic domestic habits and social conditions
- 01Democracy and the ties of nature
- 02Education of young women in the United States
- 01Marriage as a strict social condition
- 02Wifehood, domestic happiness, and endurance
- 03Women’s courage in hardship and migration
- 01American morals and equality of conditions
- 02Marriage, choice, and domestic fidelity
- 03Democracy, revolution, and changing morals in France
- 01Distinct roles of men and women
- 02Marital authority and female submission
- 03Respect for women and sexual morality
- 01Women’s moral and intellectual equality
- 02Small private circles in democratic society
- 01American democratic manners and social equality
- 01American gravity and serious amusements
- 02Pride, public affairs, and the habit of gravity
- 03Why democratic peoples act inconsiderately
- 01American vanity and restless praise-seeking
- 02English reserve and inherited pride
- 01Democratic vanity and aristocratic parallels
- 02Excited yet monotonous American society
- 03Wealth as the dominant democratic passion
- 04Uniform habits in business and manufactures
- 05The worldwide convergence of societies
- 01Honor as a special social rule
- 02Feudal aristocratic honor
- 03American honor in democratic communities
- 01Commercial wealth and moral severity
- 02Courage, labor, and democratic honor
- 03Honor’s obscurity in democratic societies
- 04Honor and aristocratic rank
- 05Honor in democratic states
- 06National honor after equality
- 01Equality, revolution, and the weakening of honor
- 02Why democratic societies produce many ambitions but few lofty aims
- 03The narrowing and leveling of advancement in democracies
- 04Revolutionary political ambition and low tastes in power
- 05How to preserve ambition in modern society
- 01Place-hunting in democratic and centralized states
- 02Equality and the decline of revolutionary habits
- 03Property, commerce, and the restraint of revolution
- 04Democratic societies resist revolutionary leaders
- 05American dislike of revolutionary change
- 06Racial inequality as a source of future revolutions
- 01Stability of opinions in democratic societies
- 02Equality, intellectual conformity, and resistance to innovators
- 01Difficulty of gaining a democratic audience
- 02Majority influence and public favor
- 01Public opinion under social equality
- 02Stability and slow change of opinions
- 01Democratic nations' natural love of peace
- 02Democratic armies' ambition for war
- 03Military revolutions and the dangers of war
- 01Democratic armies and military ambition
- 02Officers, soldiers, and non-commissioned officers
- 01Democratic armies at the outset of war
- 02How long peace weakens democratic armies
- 03How prolonged war strengthens democratic armies
- 01Two kinds of military discipline
- 02Democratic armies and ancient examples
- 01Democratic equality and the spread of war
- 02Numerical strength and modern tactics
- 03Civil wars in democratic nations
- 01Equality’s natural taste for political freedom
- 02Anarchy versus the deeper danger of servitude
- 01Centralized sovereign power in democratic ages
- 02Uniform legislation and the decline of intermediate powers
- 03American, European, and French acceptance of omnipotent government
- 01Democratic habits that favor central power
- 02Equality, privilege, and the growth of uniformity
- 01Equality and the natural pull toward centralization
- 02How historical conditions shape centralization
- 03Education, ignorance, and administrative concentration
- 04War and the strengthening of central power
- 05Revolutionary disorder and devotion to order
- 06The ruler’s origin and aristocratic resistance
- 01Centralization of sovereign power in democratic communities
- 02Growth of government power and decline of secondary authorities
- 03Government control of charity, education, and religion
- 04Expansion of public administration into private life
- 05State borrowing and savings banks
- 01Central power and private welfare
- 02Administrative centralization and judicial power
- 01Manufacturing property and state regulation
- 02Associations under government control
- 01Two contrary revolutions in democratic societies
- 01Democratic despotism as a new form of oppression
- 02The tutelary power that manages private life
- 03Limits of representation under centralization
- 01Democratic despotism and equality as the basis of freedom
- 02Administrative decentralization and elective public bodies
- 03Associations, the press, and judicial power as safeguards
- 04Forms, private rights, and revolutionary habits
- 05Revolutionary habits in democratic countries
- 06The new political task of democratic ages
- 01Equality, independence, and the danger of despotism
- 02General characteristics of democratic society
- 03Providential view of democratic equality
- 01Equality and the new state of society
- 02Democratic nations as masters of their future
- 01Great American desert and western plains
- 01Climbing plants of South America and the Antilles
- 02American Indian languages and grammatical structure
- 01Indian word formation and verbs
- 02Charlevoix on the first war with the Iroquois
- 01Massachusetts Sabbath law of 1792
- 02New York Sabbath and gaming statutes
- 01Purpose of the appendix and recommended historical sources
- 02Virginia and Carolina historical works
- 03New England documentary collections and Cotton Mather
- 04Cotton Mather on New England morals and witchcraft
- 05Histories of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire
- 01Recommended histories of New York and Pennsylvania
- 02Jefferson on Virginia's patrician families
- 01American laws of descent and entail
- 02Qualifications of voters in the United States in 1832
- 01State voting qualifications and property requirements
- 02Custom-house officers, smuggling, and fire prevention
- 03French centralization and municipal autonomy
- 01Immutability of the French charter under the laws of 1814 and 1830
- 02Parliamentary omnipotence in the English constitution
- 01Political jurisdiction and impeachment
- 02American jury selection and service
- 03Civil jury trials in England
- 04Pioneer clearings and log houses
- 05The pioneer’s log house
- 06Interior furnishings and household life
- 07The New England pioneer’s character
- 08Hospitality and the pioneer family
- 01Equality, immorality, and social order
- 02Public opinion and the illusion of constitutional excellence
- 01French loyalty under Louis XIV and changing public sentiment
- 02Danger of a democratic army's love of peace
- 01Military prowess in a democratic people
- 02Unity, means, and divine purpose
- 03Centralization and ambition in democracies
- 04Prospect of military government
- 01Apathy as the source of anarchy and despotism
- 02Constitution of the United States of America
- 03House of Representatives
- 04Senate and impeachment powers
- 01Elections, quorum, and chamber rules
- 02Legislative compensation and privileges
- 03Revenue bills and presidential approval
- 01Congressional taxing and spending powers
- 02Commerce, naturalization, and bankruptcy powers
- 03Coinage, weights, and counterfeiting
- 04Postal, copyright, and judicial powers
- 05War powers and captures
- 01Migration or importation of persons
- 02Habeas corpus and limits on legislation and taxation
- 03Export taxes, commerce preferences, and treasury appropriations
- 01Restrictions on state powers
- 02Election and qualifications of the President
- 03Presidential powers and duties
- 01Judicial power and federal courts
- 02Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and jury trials
- 01Full Faith and Credit among states
- 02Privileges, extradition, and fugitive labor
- 01Amendment proposal and ratification process
- 01Supremacy of the Constitution, laws, and treaties
- 02Oaths of office and no religious test
- 03Ratification and signatures
- 01Bill of Rights articles I–V
- 02Criminal trial rights and jury protections
- 03Limits on punishment and retained rights
- 04Reserved powers and federal judicial limits
- 05Presidential election procedure
- 01Article XIII
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